Ecuaciones
Sección del saco
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): {\displaystyle \color{Green}{L_v} \text{— anchura del saco vacío} \\ \color{Green}{h} — \text{altura del saco lleno y compactado} }
Sección rectangular
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{\displaystyle {A_{saco}=\color {Green}{L_{v}}\times \color {Green}{h}}}
Sección con laterales semicirculares
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{\displaystyle A_{saco}=\left(\color {Green}{L_{v}}-{\dfrac {\pi \color {Green}{h}}{2}}\right)\times \color {Green}{h}+\pi \left({\dfrac {\color {Green}{h}}{2}}\right)^{2}=\color {Green}{L_{v}}\color {Green}{h}-{\dfrac {\pi \color {Green}{h}^{2}}{4}}}
Sección con laterales como segmentos circulares
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): {\displaystyle \sin \alpha = \dfrac{\dfrac{\color{Green}{h}}{2}}{\color{Green}{h}} = \dfrac{1}{2}; \alpha = 30^\circ \\ \begin{align} A_{saco} & = \left(\color{Green}{L_v} - \dfrac{\pi \color{Green}{h}}{3} \right) \times \color{Green}{h} + 2 \left(\pi \color{Green}{h}^2 \times \dfrac{2\alpha}{360} - \dfrac{1}{2} \times \color{Green}{h} \sqrt{\color{Green}{h}^2 - \left(\dfrac{\color{Green}{h}}{2} \right)^2} \right) \\ & = \color{Green}{L_v} \color{Green}{h} - \dfrac{\pi \color{Green}{h}^2}{3} + 2 \left(\pi \color{Green}{h}^2 \times \dfrac{1}{6} - \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{\color{Green}{h}^2 \sqrt{3}}{2} \right) \\ & = \color{Green}{L_v} \color{Green}{h} - \dfrac{\pi \color{Green}{h}^2}{3} + \dfrac{\pi \color{Green}{h}^2}{3} - \dfrac{\color{Green}{h}^2 \sqrt{3}}{2} \\ & = \color{Green}{L_v} \color{Green}{h} - \color{Green}{h}^2 \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \end{align} }
Valores de sección
Para el cálculo de todos los volúmenes, se considera la sección del saco como el producto
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{\displaystyle \color {Green}{s_{w}}\times \color {Green}{s_{h}}}
:
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): {\displaystyle \color{Green}{s_w} \text{ — anchura del saco lleno y compactado} \\ \color{Green}{s_h} \text{ — altura del saco lleno y compactado}}
La sección del saco debe multiplicarse por la longitud del mismo ─longitud de la circunferencia que describe el tubo en la hilada correspondiente─, que en cada caso es función del radio del domo a la altura del saco; a esta medida se suma la mitad de la anchura del saco lleno ─por similitud con el cálculo del volumen de un toro─. Por debajo de la línea de surgencia el radio es constante:
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): r_C = {\color{Green}{r} + {3 \over 2} \color{Green}{s_w}} \text{ — para el volumen de C} \\ r_{D,E} = {\color{Green}{r} + {1 \over 2} \color{Green}{s_w}} \text{ — para los volúmenes de D y E}
Por encima de la línea de surgencia, el radio
r
n
{\displaystyle r_{n}}
de la n-ésima hilada lo determinan la longitud del compás de altura
l
{\displaystyle l}
y la altura donde se encuentra el saco,
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n
{\displaystyle h_{n}}
, que, considerando la altura hasta la mitad del saco, es igual a Error al representar (error de sintaxis): n − {1 \over 2}
veces la altura del saco lleno
s
h
{\displaystyle s_{h}}
. Aplicando el teorema de Pitágoras:
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{\displaystyle \color {Green}{l}^{2}=h_{n}^{2}+l_{n}^{2}}
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): {\displaystyle \color{Green}{l}^2 = h_n^2 + l_n^2 \\ l_n = \color{Green}{l} - \color{Green}{r} + r_n \\ h_n = \left(n - {1 \over 2} \right)\color{Green}{s_h} }
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): {\displaystyle \color{Green}{l}^2 = \left[\left(n - {1 \over 2} \right)\color{Green}{s_h} \right]^2 + \left(\color{Green}{l} -\color{Green}{r} + r_n \right)^2 \\ \color{Green}{l} -\color{Green}{r} + r_n = \sqrt{\color{Green}{l}^2 - \left[\left(n - {1 \over 2} \right)\color{Green}{s_h} \right]^2} \\ r_n = \color{Green}{r} - \color{Green}{l} + \sqrt{\color{Green}{l}^2 - \left[\left(n - {1 \over 2} \right)\color{Green}{s_h} \right]^2} }
Añadiendo la mitad de la anchura del saco lleno, el radio resultante para el cálculo de los volúmenes del muro del domo por encima de la línea de surgencia (volúmenes en A) es:
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{\displaystyle r_{n(A)}=\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{1 \over 2}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{1 \over 2}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}}
Los volúmenes de B se calculan añadiendo a la fórmula anterior la anchura del saco lleno:
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{\displaystyle r_{n(B)}=\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{3 \over 2}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{1 \over 2}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}}
Con las fórmulas anteriores, la suma de volúmenes queda como sigue:
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{\displaystyle V=\sum _{x=A}^{E}V_{x}=V_{A}+V_{B}+V_{C}+V_{C}+V_{E}}
V
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{\displaystyle V_{A}}
volumen de superadobe por encima de la línea de surgencia
N
— número de hiladas por encima de la línea de surgencia
{\displaystyle N{\text{ — número de hiladas por encima de la línea de surgencia}}}
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): \color{Green}{l}^2 = h^2+(\color{Green}{l}-\color{Green}{r})^2 \\ h=\sqrt{\color{Green}{l}^2 - \left(\color{Green}{l} - \color{Green}{r} \right)^2} \\ N = \dfrac{h}{\color{Green}{s_h}} \\ N = \dfrac{ \sqrt{ \color{Green}{l}^2 - \left(\color{Green}{l} - \color{Green}{r} \right)^2 } }{\color{Green}{s_h}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{A}(n)&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi r_{n(A)}\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{A}&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \sum _{n=1}^{N}\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right)\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[N\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\sum _{n=1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]\end{aligned}}}
V
B
{\displaystyle V_{B}}
volumen de superadobe en el contrafuerte por encima de la línea de surgencia
Error al representar (error de sintaxis): \color{Green}{h_c} \text{ — altura del contrafuerte por encima de la línea de surgencia (m)} \\ C \text{ — número de hiladas del contrafuerte por encima de la línea de surgencia} \\ C = \dfrac{\color{Green}{h_c}}{\color{Green}{s_h}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{B}(n)&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi r_{n(B)}\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{B}&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \sum _{n=1}^{C}\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}+{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right)\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[C\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]\end{aligned}}}
V
C
{\displaystyle V_{C}}
volumen de superadobe en el contrafuerte por debajo de la línea de surgencia
n
C
— número de hiladas hasta la línea de surgencia del contrafuerte
{\displaystyle \color {Green}{n_{C}}{\text{ — número de hiladas hasta la línea de surgencia del contrafuerte}}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{C}&=\color {Green}{n_{c}}(\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}})(2\pi r_{c})\\&=\color {Green}{n_{c}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
V
D
{\displaystyle V_{D}}
volumen de superadobe por debajo de la línea de surgencia
n
D
— número de hiladas hasta la línea de surgencia
{\displaystyle \color {Green}{n_{D}}{\text{ — número de hiladas hasta la línea de surgencia}}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{D}&=\color {Green}{n_{D}}(\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}})(2\pi r_{D})\\&=\color {Green}{n_{D}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
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{\displaystyle V_{E}}
volumen de superadobe en los cimientos
n
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— número de hiladas en los cimientos
{\displaystyle \color {Green}{n_{E}}{\text{ — número de hiladas en los cimientos}}}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V_{E}&=\color {Green}{n_{E}}(\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}})(2\pi r_{E})\\&=\color {Green}{n_{E}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
Volumen total de superadobe
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}V&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[N\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\sum _{n=1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]+\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[C\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]+\color {Green}{n_{C}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {3}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\color {Green}{n_{D}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\color {Green}{n_{E}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[\left(N+C\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+C\color {Green}{s_{w}}+\sum _{n=1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}+\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}+\left(\color {Green}{n_{C}}+\color {Green}{n_{E}}+\color {Green}{n_{D}}\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\color {Green}{n_{C}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right]\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[\left(N+C\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}-\color {Green}{l}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\left(\color {Green}{n_{C}}+\color {Green}{n_{E}}+\color {Green}{n_{D}}\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)+\left(C+\color {Green}{n_{C}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{w}}+\sum _{n=1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}+\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[\left(N+C+\color {Green}{n_{C}}+\color {Green}{n_{D}}+\color {Green}{n_{E}}\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)-\color {Green}{l}\left(N+C\right)+\left(C+\color {Green}{n_{C}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{w}}+\sum _{n=1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}+\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]\\&=\color {Green}{s_{w}}\color {Green}{s_{h}}2\pi \left[\left(N+C+\color {Green}{n_{C}}+\color {Green}{n_{D}}+\color {Green}{n_{E}}\right)\left(\color {Green}{r}+{\frac {1}{2}}\color {Green}{s_{w}}\right)-\color {Green}{l}\left(N+C\right)+\left(C+\color {Green}{n_{C}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{w}}+2\sum _{n=1}^{C}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}+\sum _{n=C+1}^{N}{\sqrt {\color {Green}{l}^{2}-\left[\left(n-{\frac {1}{2}}\right)\color {Green}{s_{h}}\right]^{2}}}\right]\end{aligned}}}